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This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.

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By about 10,000 years ago, nearly 100 species of large animals had been recently driven to extinction around the globe.

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This march of megafauna mortality coincides suspiciously with the arrival of another large animal in their vicinity: humans.

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The die off in South America included giant ground sloths and armadillo-like animals the size of cars known as glyptodonts.

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And the deaths seem responsible for the dearth of nutrients in Amazon rainforest soils today.

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So says a study in the journal Nature Geoscience.

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Plainly put, these big animals disperse a lot of phosphorous in their feces.

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Once the big animals are gone, there's no way for the phosphorous to get from one part of the rainforest to another.

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As a result, the Amazon rainforest even today is struggling to recover from that loss of fertility.

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Other parts of the world face the same poop paucity predicament, according to the researchers' model.

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But the impact outside the Amazon was less severe, for reasons still unknown.

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What is clear is that the impact of extinction reverberates down through the millennia,

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a clear signal that we've been living in the Anthropocene for a while.

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Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello.

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