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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Warmer, more acidic oceans are bad news for tropical coral reefs: the coral becomes stunted and bleached.

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But climate change's oceanic effects could go, literally, much deeper than that, killing off creatures that live four miles down, in permanent darkness.

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So says a study in the journal Global Change Biology.

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Researchers modeled nutrient flow in the oceans under several greenhouse gas emissions scenarios.

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And they found that, by the year 2100, nutrients at the ocean's surface may dwindle, leaving fewer leftovers to float down to organisms below.

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The result could be a massive die-off of life on the seafloor, like sea cucumbers, starfish, urchins and worms.

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Under a severe emissions scenario, the loss of marine life globally would equal the biomass of the entire human race.

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One bright spot in the deep darkness: the exotic tube worms and giant clams that thrive at hydrothermal vents don't need surface nutrients to survive.

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But plenty of other species do, the researchers say, and we don't even know much of what's down there.

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This study makes one thing clear: when it comes to climate change and the oceans, we're already in deep.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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