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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Allie Wilkinson. Got a minute?

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In the harsh winters of Antarctica, emperor penguins form tight huddles to protect themselves from freezing temperatures and roaring winds.

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These huddles allow the penguins to conserve heat and energy.

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But they make moving a complex group effort.

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Researchers watching video of penguin huddles saw movement in wave-like patterns.

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To study the wave propagation, they employed a mathematical model that applies to flocks of birds, schools of fish and even traffic jams.

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It turns out that the way tightly grouped penguins move is a lot like cars in stop-and-go traffic.

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Each penguin needs to go only about an inch in any direction for its neighbors to react.

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This action helps the penguins maintain an optimal distance from each other,

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so that they can keep the huddle as dense and therefore warm as possible.

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The study appears in the New Journal of Physics.

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With the exception of individuals on the perimeter, penguins in a huddle are completely surrounded.

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But instead of the penguin equivalent of road rage, perhaps they settle their tiny turf differences with an icy stare.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Allie Wilkinson.

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