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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:-> Now listen to part of a lecture from a biology class.
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第2段
1 .<-MALE PROFESSOR:-> All right, so I-I've got a good example of this.
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2 .There's a bird, a species of crow, that lives near the water,
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3 .and it feeds on a type of shellfish that has a hard outer shell.
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4 .In order to eat this shellfish,
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5 .the bird has to crack open its hard shell.
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6 .So when this bird feeds,
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7 .what it does is it dives down out of the air into shallow water,
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8 .grabs a shellfish in its mouth, then carries the shellfish up in the air....
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9 .It then drops the shellfish
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10 .lets it fall onto the rocks below.
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11 .When the shellfish hits the rocks, its shell cracks and splits open,
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12 .and the bird can eat it.
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第3段
1 .Now this bird, this crow, doesn't just swoop down, grab the first shellfish it sees, then fly up to any height and let it fall.
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2 .Instead, it does two things:
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3 .first, it carefully selects only the biggest shellfish;
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4 .that means it's going to get the biggest possible meal for its efforts.Second, it carries the shellfish up to a specific height, about five meters,and drops it from there.
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5 .If the bird dropped the shellfish from a lower height,
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6 .it would have to pick it up and drop it too many times in order to break the shell.
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7 .On the other hand, if the bird carried the shellfish up to a higher altitude,
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8 .an altitude higher than is necessary to crack the shell,
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9 .it'd be wasting energy.
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10 .So this bird expends just the right amount of energy-no more, no less-
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11 .that it needs to obtain just the right kind of food.
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