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1 .This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute?
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2 .In recent days both the unmanned Antares rocket and the Virgin Galactic space plane had catastrophic failures.
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3 .Because space is a very risky business and it always has been.
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4 .November 5th marks the 50th anniversary of the launch of Mariner 3, America's first mission to Mars.
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5 .But don't expect any NASA celebrations.
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6 .The mission failed completely.
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7 .When Mariner 3 reached space, it was supposed to unfurl solar panels.
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8 .But a glitch kept the panels tucked away.
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9 .With only battery power, the spacecraft went dead just eight hours and 43 minutes later.
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10 .So Mariner 3 fell silent, although it presumably did fly past the Red Planet months later.
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11 .Fortunately, NASA had an identical spacecraft ready for Mars.
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12 .After hasty modifications to prevent the same problem, Mariner 4 blasted off on November 28th, 1964.
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13 .The following July it became the first ship to fly past our planetary neighbor that we're sure of.
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14 .But this successful mission shocked researchers.
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15 .Back in 1964 even some respected scientists thought that Mars was home to primitive life, if not the intelligent beings that colorful astronomers like Percival Lowell imagined.
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16 .And the cameras on Mariner 4 sent back pictures of a barren, cratered world, devoid of any obvious Martians.
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17 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.
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