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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:-> Now listen to part of a talk in an education class.
请听教育课上的部分内容。
2 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:-> One of the hardest parts of teaching is keeping your students' attention.
教学最困难的部分之一就是吸引学生的注意力。
3 .Now, the key to doing this is understanding the concept of attention.
而吸引学生注意力的关键就在于理解注意力的概念。
4 .Basically, there are two types of attention.
基本上来说，有两种注意力。
5 .The first type is 'active'.
第一种是主动注意，
6 .Active attention is voluntary.
主动注意是自发的行为。
7 .It's when you intentionally make yourself focus on something.
就是你有意地使自己关注某件事。
8 .And since it requires effort, it's hard to keep up for a long time.
由于主动注意需要不断努力，所以想要长时间保持这种状态是很难的。
9 .Ok, so, um, let's say you're teaching a, a biology class, and today's topic is 'frogs', all right?
比如说你在上一节生物课。而今天课上的内容是青蛙。
10 .You're standing at the front of the room and lecturing: "A-frog-is-a-type-of-animal-known-as-an-amphibian.
你站在教室前面讲课：青蛙是一种两栖动物
11 .' Well, this isn't necessarily going to keep the students' interest.
好吧，这样基本上激不起学生们的兴趣。
12 .But most of them will force themselves to pay active attention to your lecture.
但是大部分学生都会强迫自己主动注意你的讲课内容。
13 .But it's only a matter of time before they get distracted.
不过，他们开始分散注意力只是时间问题。
14 .Now the other type of attention is passive attention when it's involuntary.
另一种类型的注意力就是被动注意，是一种非自发的行为。
15 .Passive attention requires no effort because it happens naturally.
被动注意并不需要什么努力就能做到，因为它是自然发生的行为。
16 .If something's really interesting, students don't have to force themselves to pay attention to it.
如果某个东西非常有趣的话，学生们根本不用强迫自己去关注它。
17 .They do it without even thinking about it.
他们甚至不用想就会把注意力集中起来。
18 .So, back to our biology lecture, you start talking about frogs, and then you pull a live frog out of your briefcase.
我们再回到我们的生物课堂上来，你开始讲关于青蛙的内容，然后从包里拿出来一只活的青蛙。
19 .You're describing it while you hold it up, show the students how long its legs are and, and how they're used for jumping, for example.
你在讲解的同时把它举了起来。比如向学生们展示青蛙的腿有多长，它们是如何用腿蹦跳的。
20 .Then, maybe you'll even let the frog jump around a bit on the desk or the floor.
然后，也许甚至让青蛙在桌子上或者地上跳两下。
21 .In this case, by doing something unexpected, something more engaging, you can tap in to their passive attention and it can last much longer than active attention.
这种情况下，通过做一些意想不到的事情，一些更让人投入的事情，你就能激起他们的被动注意力了。而且被动注意比主动注意持续的时间要长得多。
22 .As long as the frog is still there, your students will be interested.
只要青蛙还在，你的学生就会一直有兴趣。