原文已被隐藏，你可用 快捷键 - 或点击 显示原文 按钮来查看原文
第1段
1 .Listen to part of a lecture in a Film History class.
该句暂无译文！
2 .(male professor) In order to really appreciate the early films we’ll be seeing this semester, let’s talk about what was taking place in theater just before 1900.
该句暂无译文！
3 .Last week we discussed the classical acting style in 19th-century theater.
该句暂无译文！
4 .What are some characteristics of classical acting? Karen?
该句暂无译文！
5 . (female student) OK, um, classical theater, you said the actors would use conventional facial expressions and gestures to convey emotions and that they suggest emotions more than, uh, display them.
该句暂无译文！
6 .Their voices, uh, they sound, they mimic emotions but don’t really feel them.
该句暂无译文！
7 .(professor) OK, great, those were some of the characteristics of classical acting.
该句暂无译文！
8 .And then around the turn of the century or so we have another style becoming popular when we talk about actors delivering their lines with, uh, psychological motivation, we’re referring to naturalism.
该句暂无译文！
9 . (female student) Naturalism? So it didn’t seem as staged, uh, as contrived as classical performances?
该句暂无译文！
10 .(professor) OK, let’s back up. In 1896, there was an important essay written by a Danish director named William Bloch.
该句暂无译文！
11 .Bloch was one of the pioneers of naturalist acting in theater.
该句暂无译文！
12 .He said the actors, uh, when actors deliver their lines they need to really say each line carefully, intentionally.
该句暂无译文！
13 .That’s what’s meant by psychological motivation.
该句暂无译文！
14 .OK? Each line had its own life and it deserved attention which meant that the actors would pause after delivering a line to get ready for the next one to deliver it just right.
该句暂无译文！
15 . So, in preparing to play a role, they had to analyze each line carefully which required a lot of time, uh, so they could get an image in their mind of how the performance should be.
该句暂无译文！
16 . They worked to make each line just right, the right emotion for the character.
该句暂无译文！
17 .And the naturalist performance was slow and deliberate.
该句暂无译文！
18 . The actor’s goal was to convey a specific intention with every line. Brandon?
该句暂无译文！
19 . (male student) So the actors would actually make themselves emotional and have their personal emotions kind of guide their line delivery?
该句暂无译文！
20 .(professor) Well, not exactly. The portrayal of emotion was very important in naturalist theater.
该句暂无译文！
21 .But Bloch said the actor’s job was to represent the character and this character is someone different from the actor meaning the characters are their own people.
该句暂无译文！
22 . And it wouldn’t be fair to have the actor inserting their own personal emotions into the character, uh, yes, Karen?
该句暂无译文！
23 . (female student) How did they get the actors to do that, to represent a character?
该句暂无译文！
24 . Was there some kind of special way you work with them?
该句暂无译文！
25 . (professor) Was there! Uh, let’s see.
该句暂无译文！
26 .Before naturalism, it was pretty typical to have about three days of rehearsal to practice for a play before it opened.
该句暂无译文！
27 .That was the standard, right? But with naturalist acting, Bloch demanded at least twenty days to prepare.
该句暂无译文！
28 .Plus, he talked to all the actors after rehearsals trying to sort of inspire them to really find new motivations for their acting, for their line delivery.
该句暂无译文！
29 . So, with the increased number of rehearsals and the time he spent with them after rehearsals, this probably helped the actors adopt a different style from what they’d been used to.
该句暂无译文！
30 .Anyway, there’s a film that really demonstrates the contrast I’m talking about.
该句暂无译文！
31 . It’s a Danish film called Church and Organ.
该句暂无译文！
32 .(male student) By Bloch? (professor) No, it was by a different director, but it starred an actress who was greatly influenced by Bloch though indirectly.
该句暂无译文！
33 . Bloch’s wife, Anna, was a very well-known naturalist stage actress.
该句暂无译文！
34 .And the actress in the movie saw Anna Bloch as a role model and adopted her approach.
该句暂无译文！
35 . So, if you looked at the script of this movie, you’ll see a lot of shifts in the character’s voice and volume.
该句暂无译文！
36 .Her lines had directions like almost inaudible, volume up, in despair, I mean, in a couple of minute’s dialogue, this character displayed a whole range of emotions with her voice.
该句暂无译文！
37 . The emotions shift abruptly and in between these emotional shifts, the actress paused.
该句暂无译文！
38 . She had to change her intention before every line.
该句暂无译文！
39 .But the other actor in Church and Organ, he used a classical acting style.
该句暂无译文！
40 .Even if his character was being expressive, he used an even, consistent tone.
该句暂无译文！
41 . In one scene, he’s angry but instead of yelling and talking faster he just crunches his fist and then relaxes his hand again.
该句暂无译文！
42 . His restrained performance in use of gestures to subtly convey meaning, those were all associated with classical acting.
该句暂无译文！