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第1段
1 .Listen to part of a lecture in a film history class.
听一段电影史的讲座片段。
第2段
1 .Professor: OK, I'd like to look at a genre of film, a type of film called the travel lecture film.You find much, if anything, about the genre in most film history books, but I think it does deserve some attention.I'd like to trace his history. But, uh, let's start at the beginning. Any guesses as to what a travel lecture film is? Julia. Female Student: Um, well, if it's a travel lecture film, maybe it's like a movie of a person who's traveling around giving lectures. I don't know, like a documentary of a lecture tour?
教授：好的，我们今天要讨论一种电影类型--旅行讲座电影。虽然大多数电影史书籍很少提及这种类型，但我觉得它值得关注。我想追溯它的历史。不过我们先从基础开始。有人能猜猜什么是旅行讲座电影吗？朱莉娅。 女学生：呃，如果是旅行讲座电影，可能是记录某人巡回演讲的电影？比如讲座巡演的纪录片？
2 .Professor: That's a good guess. But what I'm actually talking about is a live performance. Female Student: Uh, wait, how is a film alive performance? Professor: OK, basically what happens is you have a filmmaker who travels, say, a guy from the United States, who travels to, say, Argentina, and shoots some films of the scenery, landscapes, or famous landmarks, or other interesting things to see in Argentina. Then when the filmmaker returns home, he edits his footage and makes it into a regular hour, maybe hour and a half long, silent film. Then he goes on tour with his film and presents it to audiences around the country.
教授：这个猜测不错，但其实是指现场表演式的电影。 女学生：等等，电影怎么可能是现场表演？ 教授：好的，大致的情况是这样的。假设一位美国电影制作人前往阿根廷，拍摄当地的自然风光、著名地标或其他值得观赏的景观素材。待他回国后，将拍摄的素材剪辑成大约一到一个半小时的常规长度默片。然后带着这部影片到全国各地巡回放映，向观众展示他的作品。
3 .Female Student: OK. So the filmmaker shows the film, and the audience is looking at the images of Argentina. He narrates, he talks about his trip. Professor: That's about right. It's not all that different from when authors read from a book they've written. Though, with these films, it's more like a guide book than an adventure novel. Lots of different little facts about a place, some useful, some just curious. Female Student: Oh, so it's not filled with, like, crazy stories and suspense and intrigue. Professor: Actually, it's more along the lines of, did you know there are 54 species of snake in Belize? Question? Bill.
女学生：哦，所以创作者播放影片时，会现场解说他的旅行见闻。 教授：差不多就是这样。这和作家读自己写的书也没太大区别。不过这些旅行影片更像旅行指南而非冒险小说，记录了很多关于这个地方的零散信息，有些实用，有些则纯属趣闻。 女学生: 哦，原来里面没有那些离奇的故事、悬疑或阴谋元素？ 教授: 实际上，这类影片更倾向于呈现类似“知道伯利兹有54种蛇吗？”这样的知识点。有问题吗？比尔。
4 .Male student: Yeah. These are films that are still being made today. Professor: Yes. Male Student: Because it sounds like travel lecture films are pretty similar to how early movies were. Professor: OK, good. In fact, the travel lecture film is one of the genres that started in the early cinematic period, around the turn of the 20th century, and they really haven't changed much. So can you explain why you think they're similar to other early film genres?
男学生：这类电影现在还在制作吗？ 教授：是的。 男学生：因为听起来很像早期电影的形式。 教授：很好！旅行讲座电影确实起源于20世纪初电影早期阶段，且形式几乎没有变化。你认为它们与早期电影类型相似的原因是什么？
5 .Male Student: Well, like the filmmaker does everything, shoots the film, does the editing himself, and presents it all just like old time filmmakers. Right? Professor: Yeah. And also, don't forget, in the early cinema period, there was no sound, no spoken dialogue in any films. The sound that an audience heard would have been alive accompaniment, someone playing piano, perhaps right there in the theater. And the piano player would improvise, not play a set piece of music every time. It's the same idea with travel lecture films, except the sound is someone talking instead of playing music. And since the person talking is giving a live performance, the performance will be tailored to that particular audience, especially as audience members ask questions and get engaged with what they're seeing.
男学生：因为制作者要包办拍摄、剪辑和放映，就像早期电影人那样，是吗？ 教授：没错。另外别忘了，在早期电影时期，所有影片都是无声的，没有任何对白。观众听到的声音是现场伴奏，比如有人在剧院里弹钢琴。钢琴师会即兴演奏，而不是每次都弹固定曲目。旅行讲座影片也是同样原理，不过区别在于现场是讲解而非配乐。由于讲解是实时进行的，表演内容会根据特定观众调整，尤其是当观众提问或与影像内容互动的时候。
6 .Male Student: Where can you see these films? Professor: Well, that's another thing. Travel lecture films are events that could happen in many different places, not just theaters. Last year, colleague of mine saw a travel lecture film about Norway in a university library. This was also typical at the turn of the 20th century, people saw films, including travel lecture films, at a variety of locations. Keep in mind that the genre has always been characterized by its lack of reliance on, um, uh, plot. This is different from other films that tell an actual story with the beginning, middle and end. One way to think of it is to imagine, um, uh, trying as a model for movie plots. If the story takes off from one place and heads toward a certain ending, it's like a train on its track keeps moving forward toward its destination. Right? But for a travel lecture film, imagine an automobile instead, if you're traveling in a car, you don't have to simply go from point A to point B. You can take side trips, detours. You can stop when you want and where you want. You can go any direction at all. That's what you get in a travel lecture film.
男学生：哪里能看到这类电影？ 教授：还有一点很重要。旅行讲座影片的放映场所不局限于剧院。去年我同事就在大学图书馆看过一部关于挪威的旅行讲座影片。在20世纪初这也非常普遍，人们可以在各种场所观看这类影片。要记住，这类影片的特征就是不需要依赖剧情线。这与有完整故事结构的传统叙事电影不同。打个比方，如果用交通工具来比喻电影叙事结构的话，传统故事片像火车在轨道上行驶，必须从起点驶向预定终点。而旅行讲座电影则像自驾游，不必按固定路线行进，可以随时绕道、停留，自由选择方向。这正是旅行讲座影片的魅力所在。