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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:->Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
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第2段
1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->There is no solid evidence that Robert Peary reached the North Pole.
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2 .The arguments cited in the reading selection are not convincing.
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第3段
1 .First, it is true that the National Geographic Society committee declared that Peary had indeed reached the North Pole, but the committee was not completely objective.
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2 .In fact, the committee was composed of Peary’s close friends who had contributed large sums of money to fund Peary’s trip.
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3 .Moreover, the investigation lasted only two days, and according to Peary himself, the committee did not examine his records carefully.
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4 .So, the committee’s conclusions seem biased and therefore are not trustworthy.
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第4段
1 .Second, the speed issue. Tom Avery’s journey was different from Peary’s in important ways.
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2 .For example, Avery’s sled was similar to Peary’s sled, but Avery carried much less weight than Peary did because Avery did not transport his food on the sled.
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3 .Avery’s food was dropped along the way by airplane.
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4 .Moreover, Avery encountered highly favorable weather conditions, unlike Peary, who traveled in very unfavorable conditions.
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5 .So Avery’s speedy trip was too different from Peary’s to provide support for Peary’s claims.
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第5段
1 .Third, the photographs do not prove anything. The techniques scientists use to determine the Sun’s position depend on measuring the shadows in the photographs very precisely.
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2 .Without a precise measurement of the shadows, we cannot establish the Sun’s exact position.
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3 .Now, Peary’s pictures were photographed 100 years ago using a primitive camera that took fuzzy, slightly unfocused photographs.
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4 .Moreover, the photos have become faded and worn over time.
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5 .As a result, the shadows in Peary’s photographs look blurred and faded.
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6 .Those shadows cannot be used to calculate the position of the Sun with great accuracy, so we cannot be confident the photos were really taken at the North Pole.
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