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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:-> Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
请听心理学课上的部分内容。
第2段
1 .<-MALE PROFESSOR:-> OK, so an example to illustrate this . . .
我们举个例子来说明这个概念，
2 .you often see this happen in families . . . .
这个例子在家庭中时常发生。
3 .Let's say there're these two kids-a sister and a brother-
假如有这么两个孩子，一个姐姐和一个弟弟。
4 .let's say the girl's six and the boy's four.
我们假设这个小女孩六岁，小男孩四岁。
5 .And one day they're all out shopping with their mother,
有一天，他们都和妈妈在外面购物，
6 .and they're in this store, and the girl sees a toy she wants . . . .
在一家商店里，小女孩看到了一个她想要的玩具。
7 .She asks her mother to buy it, to buy the toy for her.
她叫妈妈给她买...给她买这个玩具，
8 .But the mother says no.
但是妈妈没有同意。
9 .So what does the little girl do?
那么，这个小女孩接下来会怎么做呢？
10 .She starts crying and screaming.You know, "Mommy, I want it!"
她开始一边哭一边叫喊，喊着"妈妈，我想买这个！"
11 .And finally Mom gives in and says, "OK, fine, you can have it" and buys the girl the toy . . . .
最后，妈妈终于让步了并说："好吧，给你买"。然后就给小女孩买了这个玩具。
第3段
1 .Now don't forget,
现在不要忘了，
2 .the little brother's there, and he's watching all this happen . . .
弟弟也在那儿，而且他正看着发生的一切，
3 .and maybe he sees this sort of thing happen a lot-
也许他见过好几次这种事情：
4 .his mother giving in when his sister cries and screams.
当他姐姐又哭又闹的时候妈妈会做出让步。
5 .What do you think he's gonna start doing when he wants something from Mom?
你觉得等他想要妈妈给他什么的时候，他会开始怎么做？
6 .He'll probably cry and scream,
他可能会又哭又闹，对吗？
7 .right? But what if the opposite had happened?
但是，如果当初情况相反呢？
8 .Say Mom didn't give in and didn't buy the girl the toy.
假设妈妈没有让步，也没给小女孩买玩具，
9 .In fact, say Mom instead disciplined the girl for screaming and crying-
事实上，我们假设妈妈反而为了小女孩的哭闹惩罚了她，
10 .when they got home, she didn't let the little girl watch her favorite TV program . . . .
等他们回到家的时候，妈妈没有让小女孩看她最喜欢的电视节目。
11 .Again, the little boy is watching.
同样的，弟弟一直在看。
第4段
1 .Now what's the little boy likely to do, if he finds himself in a similar situation and he wants Mom to buy him something? [Suggesting that the boy will avoid imitating the behavior]
那么现在，如果小男孩遇到了类似的情况，也想要妈妈给他买什么的话，他会怎么做呢？
2 .Chances are, he's not gonna cry and scream, right?
很有可能，他不会哭闹，对吗？