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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.
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2 .Flaming cauldrons of molten metal have long been the primary venues for steel production.
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3 .But blast furnaces require a lot of coal, which means greenhouse gas pollution.
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4 .In fact, worldwide, steelmaking is responsible for 5 percent of annual emissions.
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5 .But scientists working on a way to harvest oxygen from the iron oxide in lunar soil for future moon bases realized that they happened on a better way to make steel here on Earth.
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6 .The trick?
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7 .Produce steel the way we make aluminum: use electricity rather than flame.
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8 .To make steel the old-fashioned way, you blast iron ore with heat and purify the resulting molten metal with oxygen.
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9 .The process removes carbon from the steel, but produces carbon dioxide.
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10 .Making a ton of steel releases roughly two tons of CO2,
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11 .and the world uses a lot of steel in cars, buildings and other infrastructure.
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12 .The new method involves passing a current through a molten pool of iron oxide, which drives off the originally sought-after oxygen.
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13 .The by-product is steel.
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14 .And depending on the source of the electricity, the process could be nearly CO2-free.
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15 .Which, as far as the atmosphere is concerned, would be very cool.
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16 .Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello,
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