考满分 toefl

1 .<-NARRATOR:->Listen to part of a lecture in a sports management class.

旁白：请听体育管理课上的部分内容。

1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->So, I want to end today with a topic that many of you have questions about when you come to see me during my office hours.

教授：我想用你们很多人在接访时间都问过的一个话题来结束今天的内容。

2 .A lot of you have told me you are specifically interested in careers as coaches.

你们很多人告诉我你们对教练这个职业特别感兴趣。

1 .Now, it doesn't matter what sport you are interested in coaching, volleyball, basketball, swimming... there are some considerations for all new coaches to think about as they plan their careers.

无论你们有兴趣指导的是排球、篮球、游泳还是其他的运动都不要紧，有一些事情是所有的新晋教练在为职业生涯做打算的时候都要考虑的。

1 .A recent study—a survey of high-school head coaches—helped identify some obstacles . . . some things that head coaches felt they were not prepared for as they began their careers.

最近一项关于高中总教练的调查帮忙辨别出了一些障碍，一些总教练们感觉在开始职业生涯时没有准备到的事情。

2 .They were surveyed to determine what things they would do differently if they were starting their careers over again.

在这项调查中，他们要决定如果能重新开始职业生涯的话，哪些事他们会换个方式对待。

3 .Based on their responses, several themes emerged.

根据他们的回答，出现了几个主题。

1 .The largest number of responses was in the area of relationships. 79% of the coaches indicated that, if they had to do it all over again, they would do things differently in this area.

数量最多的回答是在人际关系领域，79%的教练表示如果可以重来，他们在这个领域会表现不同。

2 .They said they'd deal differently with assistant coaches, parents, student-athletes, school administration, and, and pay more attention to those relationships.

他们说他们会和助理教练、家长、学生运动员和学校管理层换个方式打交道，他们会更注意这些关系。

1 .The second most critical area for these coaches was organization and administration.

对这些教练来说第二重要的领域是组织和管理。

2 .To them, this meant things like better managing their budgets and delegating responsibilities... making sure that even minor things were taken care of—like pre-game meals... those sort of things.

对他们来说，这意味着更好地管理他们的预算和委派职责，确保即使很小的事情也能得到解决，比如赛前的饮食之类的事情。

1 .<-MALE STUDENT:->Excuse me, professor.[in good humor] I know good nutrition is important, but organizing pre-game meals isn't really something you consider when you are thinking about going into coaching as a career.

学生：不好意思，教授，我知道营养均衡很重要，但是当你想要成为一名职业的教练时，组织赛前的饮食并不是你所考虑的事情。

1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->No, I guess not, Kenny. But it's more an example of paying attention to the details, being organized.

教授：不，我猜不是，肯尼。它是更多的关注细节，条理的实例。

1 .I do want to emphasize that the profession of coaching is about more than just wins and losses.

我想强调的是教练这个职业不仅只是关乎输赢的。

2 .In fact, winning is probably stressed too much.

事实上，赢可能被强调得太多了。

3 .At its best, I'd say coaching—especially in high school and college—is about teaching life skills through game strategy.

说得好听点，我会说教练，尤其是在高中和大学的教练是通过比赛策略传授生活技巧。

4 .Of course, coaching requires a specialized body of knowledge—if you coach tennis, you need to know the rules of tennis . . . if you are a football coach, you need to know all about football strategies—and those are the sorts of things that you'll get in your classes here at the university...

当然了，教练需要有专门的知识。如果你指导的是网球，你就需要了解网球的规则，如果你是一位足球教练，那你需要了解所有的足球策略，那些是你们在大学这里的课堂上能学到的东西。

5 .But if coaches spend too much of their time on game strategy, well…you see, maybe that's secondary to... to the knowledge and skills you'll need for the other roles you'll undertake as a coach—especially, as that survey emphasized, skills in dealing with people, and, and administration.

但是如果教练花了太多时间在比赛策略上，那么，对于你作为一名教练所承担的其他角色的知识和技能也许就是次要的了，尤其是像调查强调的那样，人际交往方面和管理方面的技巧。

1 .<-MALE STUDENT:->But, how do you... how do you improve in those areas? I mean, I'm gonna be an assistant coach at a high school, beginning next month, and ... [quick cut, no pause]

学生：但是怎么才能在那些领域有所提高呢？我下个月就要开始担任一所高中的助理教练了...

1 .<-FEMALE STUDENT:->[without pause.][interrupting, genuinely] Really? Nice going, Kenny!

学生：真的吗？干得好，Kenny！

1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->[also genuinely] Yes, that's wonderful!

教授：是的，太棒了！

1 .<-MALE STUDENT:->Thanks. I'm excited.

学生：谢谢，我很兴奋。

1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->So, congratulations!

教授：先祝贺你！

2 .Ok, well, to get better organized, one thing is take courses in business management and not just the sports management courses in the physical education department, other business and finance courses.

好了，要更好地进行管理，一件事就是选修商务管理的课程，不仅只是体育系的体育管理课，还有其他的商务和金融课程。

3 .Oh, oh, but wait a minute. You said you are starting next month? [pause to take new direction] What sport will you be coaching?

哦，哦，等一下，你说你下个月就开始？你要指导什么运动？

1 .<-MALE STUDENT:->Uh, gymnastics, mainly.

学生：主要是体操。

1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->Okay, in my career, I've learned, well, as part of building and maintaining strong relationships, and working on administrative skills, you've got to consider the other needs of your team beyond the sport itself.

教授：好的，从我的职业生涯中我学到了，作为建立和维持牢固关系，以及改进管理技巧的一部分，你必须考虑到你的队伍除去体育本身之外的其他需求。

2 .Remember the team members are athletes and students, and remember that if you are enthusiastic about what you are doing, well, enthusiasm is...is catching, right?

记住，你的队伍成员不仅是运动员也是学生，还要记住，如果你对你在做的事情充满热情的话......热情就是魅力不是吗？

3 .You want team members to enjoy participating.

你想要队伍成员享受参与。

1 .<-MALE STUDENT:->Right, but what about setting rules for your team, and, is it better to be strict or not so strict?

学生：没错，但是给队伍定规则呢？严格一些比较好，还是不那么严格比较好？

1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->Actually, I don't believe in having a lot of rules. And coaches often do have too many.

教授：事实上，我不信奉制定很多规则，而教练们往往会定下过多的规则。

2 .I think that can get in the way of leadership and box you in.

我觉得那有碍领导力，而且会对你产生束缚。

3 .I think people sometimes set rules just to make things easier for themselves.

我认为人们有时候制定规则只是为了自己的便利。

4 .That way, maybe later they just can refer to the rule and avoid making a choice.

那样也许稍后他们就能指望规则，避免做选择。

5 .You know that kind of person I'm talking about, right?

你知道我在说的那种人，对吧？

1 .But that's not to say the team shouldn't have any rules at all. Of course they need some.

但也不是说一个队伍就应该一点规则都没有。他们当然需要一些规则。

2 .So, early in a season, or when you first take a new job, establish a few basic ground rules for what is acceptable and non-acceptable behavior.

所以在赛季早期，或者你刚接手一份新工作的时候，设定几条基本的规则，规定什么行为是可以接受的，什么是不能接受的。

1 .<-FEMALE STUDENT:->So, what are some good ones?

学生：那有哪些好规则呢？

1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->Well, a...a couple rules a coach should have are—insist... that players be on time, and insist that they practice hard and give their best effort.

教授：教练应该有的几条规则是：坚持...运动员应该准时，坚持他们要努力训练，拿出他们自己最大的努力。

2 .And when you do establish a rule, stick to it.

还有当你确定了一条规则就要坚持到底。