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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
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2 .Biometric technology was once the stuff of sci-fi, how many movies show someone having their hand or eye scanned to get entry into a secured facility.
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3 .But today biometric tech can be found in millions of people's pockets, as the fingerprint scanner on an iPhone.
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4 .Of course, fingerprint scanning isn't foolproof.
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5 .Hackers have stolen fingerprints from photos, and used fake prints to fool Apple's touch ID.
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6 .Plus, there's always the brute force method, like the time a gang in Malaysia cut off a guy's fingertip - with a machete - to interface with the fingerprint-recognition system on the victim's Mercedes.
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7 .But there's a lesser-known biometric,that might be a bit harder to counterfeit: brainwaves.
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8 ."In the biometric textbook table of contents, often the brain biometrics were listed as 'Esoteric Biometrics.'
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9 ."So I guess people have thought about it for many years, but it's been considered sort of esoteric."
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10 .Sarah Laszlo, a psychologist at Binghamton University, part of the State University of New York.
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11 .To test the potential of brainwave biometrics, Laszlo and her colleagues attached electrodes to the scalps of 45 volunteers.
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12 .They then recorded an electroencephalogram, or EEG, a reading of the brain's electrical activity, as the subjects watched acronyms flash on a computer screen.
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13 .Turns out that each acronym, FBI, DVD, VCR, sets off a unique pattern of activation in your brain, which corresponds to an electrical signature.
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14 .And each person has slightly different so-called "brainprints."
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15 .Different enough that computers were able to uniquely identify the study volunteers by their brainwaves 94 percent of the time.
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16 .That effect held up when the subjects were retested six months later.
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17 .The results are in the journal Neurocomputing.
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18 .Of course 94 percent accuracy won't cut it at the NSA.
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19 ."I was told by a researcher at a secure cyberspace conference in January that there's something called the rule of 5s.
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20 .Which means you need 99.99999, five nines, the rule of five, to be used as a practical biometric."
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21 .But Laszlo and her colleagues are trying out new ideas for upping the test's accuracy.
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22 .Like showing "pictures of polarizing celebrities, like Kim Kardashian or Kanye West.
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23 .And also images of foods that some people tend to really like and some people tend to really stay away from, things like sushi."
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24 .The idea being that polarizing images might elicit more specific brainprints.
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25 .As for blackmail?
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26 ."A brainprint, unlike a fingerprint or a retinal scan, is something that would be immune to sort of a gun-to-the-head or blackmail sort of situation.
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27 .Because brain activity changes if you're stressed.
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28 .This is very well known.
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29 .And you can cut someone's finger off. But you can't cut someone's brain out.
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30 .You can't do it."
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31 .Future spies will simply have to find a way to replicate the brainwaves of their foes themselves.
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32 .And, actually, one of Laszlo's students is already studying how to do just that.
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33 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
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