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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. This'll just take a minute.

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2 .It was the largest of the five major mass extinctions in Earth's history, well before the dinosaur-killer 66 million years ago.

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3 .What's called the End Permian extinction, 252 million years ago, wiped out 96 percent of aquatic species and 70 percent of species on land.

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4 .Scientists have been trying to gauge the time frame of the extinction, in the hopes of determining its causes.

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5 .Now researchers say it's the fastest mass extinction known.

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6 .Using new tools and models, including a fresh analysis of rock formations in China, the researchers determined that the extinction took only about 60,000 years.

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7 .That's incredibly quick by geological standards, and is more than 10 times faster than previous estimates.

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8 .The report is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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9 .Study author Samuel Bowring from MIT says they can't yet compare the speed of the previous extinction to the extinction rates caused by human activities today.

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10 .But, he says, their research is starting to help reveal how past environmental changes that influenced extinctions,

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11 .such as levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, compare to the changes in those levels seen today.

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12 .In the midst of what many call the sixth extinction.

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13 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

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