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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:->Listen to part of a lecture in a marine biology class.
旁白：听一段海洋生物课。
第2段
1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->So, we've been fairly thorough in our discussion about coral reefs-which of course are prominent oceanic features made of hard, limestone skeletons produced by tiny coral animals.
教授：我们对珊瑚礁的讨论已经很透彻了，当然了，珊瑚礁具有显著的海洋特征，由小型珊瑚动物制造的石灰骨架构成。
2 .We've gone over where coral reefs are usually formed-along the edges of shallow ocean banks in tropical or subtropical regions.
我们已经讲过珊瑚礁主要分布在热带或亚热带地区的浅海沿岸的哪些地方。
3 .And the fact that they're declining at an alarming rate. But, I don't want to leave you with the impression that all is lost....
和珊瑚礁数量正在快速下降，令人忧心。但我不想让你们觉得，什么都没有了。
4 .There are several techniques being employed today that could prove useful in assuring the future of the reefs.
今天人们运用了一些技术，经过检验，能有效保证珊瑚礁的未来。
第3段
1 .Now, we've talked in depth about coral bleaching, or whitening, which, as you'll recall, is a symptom of, well, that the coral is suffering.
我们已经深入地谈过珊瑚的漂白现象，或说变白现象，而这正如你们所记得的，是一种症状……珊瑚正在忍受煎熬。
2 .As you know, coral is very sensitive to water temperature...
正如你们所知，珊瑚对水温是很敏感的，
3 .Even a one-or two-degree Celsius rise in sea surface temperature for a relatively short amount of time can cause bleaching.
哪怕只是海水表面温度在相对短的时间内上升一两度摄氏度，也会造成珊瑚漂白。
4 .Recently researchers have used data collected by monitoring surface water temperatures to improve the ability of a reef to recover from bleaching.
最近，研究人员通过监测表面水温获得数据，并用此数据来提升珊瑚礁从漂白状态中恢复的能力。
5 .One future possibility is that improved monitoring can help predict where and when bleaching will occur, ... which might potentially enable us to mitigate its effects.
未来的一种可能是，升级后的监测有助于预测漂白现象发生的时间和地点，这也许能让我们减轻漂白现象的影响。
第4段
1 .And, there's another technique that's being experimented with to try to help coral reefs recover from bleaching... It's called coral transplantation.
人们还尝试了另一种技术，试图帮助珊瑚礁从漂白中恢复......这项技术叫珊瑚移植。
2 .This involves moving young coral from a healthy reef onto a degraded reef... you know, in an attempt to regenerate the degraded reef by encouraging young, healthy coral to take over.
这项技术就是把年轻珊瑚从健康的珊瑚礁移到退化的珊瑚礁上，想以此鼓励年轻健康的珊瑚接手，帮助退化珊瑚礁再生。
3 .There has been some success with this, but it's still somewhat controversial.
这项技术已经取得了一定成就，但还存在一定的争议。
4 .Some scientists support it because, well, for one thing, it means you don't have to rely on the existing coral to reestablish itself... because it might not be able to.
一些科学家持支持态度，因为，一方面，这意味着你不用依赖于现存珊瑚的自我重建，因为很可能它做不到。
5 .But in my opinion, transplanting coral should only be used as, well, as a last resort.
但我认为，移植珊瑚只能用作……最后一招。
6 .I mean, this method is not only costly, but it's... well, even if it's successful, it still fails to address the ongoing problem-the root causes of the degradation, which really is paramount to devising an effective solution.
我是说，这个方法不仅成本很高，而且……即使成功了，也没能解决长久以来存在的问题，退化的根源，要想找出一个有效的解决方案，这是很重要的。
7 .So I don't really take comfort in the successes that they've had with transplantation.
所以，对于他们在移植方面取得的成功，我并没有感到宽慰。
第5段
1 .Perhaps a more constructive use of our time could be spent researching corals that do survive-like in areas known as refugia.
也许花些时间在研究存活下来的珊瑚上会更有建设性，像是那些叫作幸存区的珊瑚。
第6段
1 .Refugia are areas on the reef that are seemingly, well, resistant to bleaching.
幸存区是珊瑚礁上的一些区域，似乎具有对漂白的抵抗力。
2 .See, when coral reefs experience bleaching... uh, it-it's rarely a case of the whole reef being affected.
当珊瑚礁在漂白时，整个珊瑚礁都受影响是非常罕见的案例。
3 .There're almost always pockets of coral on the reefs that remain unaffected... and these are often the lower areas of the reef... those located in deeper water, where temperatures are lower.
珊瑚礁上总有小片的珊瑚不受影响......不受影响的珊瑚通常处于珊瑚礁低处，即在深水域，那里温度更低。
4 .Now, we have evidence that corals in these locations are able to escape the destructive bleaching that affects portions of the reef in shallower, warmer water.
我们有证据显示，在这些位置的珊瑚能躲过破坏性漂白这一劫，但在水位更浅和水温更高处生长的珊瑚则会受到影响。
5 .So in my mind, it's these refugia that are the key components of overall reef resilience...
所以我认为，这片幸存区正是整个珊瑚礁恢复力的关键组成部分。
6 .These should be the area of concentration for researchers... to locate and protect those regions as a way to sustain coral reefs.
研究人员应该集中精力定位并保护这些区域，这是维持珊瑚礁的一种方法。
第7段
1 .And we can also protect reefs by protecting the surrounding ecosystems, like mangrove forests and sea grass beds.
我们还能通过保护周边的生态系统来保护珊瑚礁，像红树林和海草丛。
2 .Both of these grow in coastal waters, often in the vicinity of coral reefs.
这两种植物都长在沿海水域，珊瑚礁附近。
3 .By protecting these areas, we also protect the coral.
保护这些区域，我们也就保护了珊瑚。
4 .Let's take, for example, the mangrove forests...
以红树林为例。
5 .Mangrove root systems have the ability to absorb and, well, trap sediments and pollutants in water that flows through them before they enter the ocean.
红树林的根系能够吸收并保留其中沉积物和污染物，当水进入海洋之前流经它们的时候。
6 .This of course has beneficial results for the nearby coral reefs.
这当然对附近的珊瑚礁来说是有利的。
第8段
1 .And fisheries management is another key strategy.
还有渔业管理也是一个重要策略。
2 .Over fishing can be seriously disruptive to coral.
过度捕捞对珊瑚来说是极具破坏力的。
3 .Let me give you a couple of examples.
让我举几个例子。
4 .Over fishing certain species of fish and shellfish like snappers, barracudas, and even lobsters... well, all of these creatures feed on snails, worms, and other organisms that eat coral-so depleting the number of lobsters, for example, means that we're adding to the threat of coral decline.
过度捕捞一些特定的鱼类和贝壳类，像是鲷鱼、梭鱼，甚至是龙虾……所有这些生物都以蜗牛、虫子及其它吃珊瑚的生物为食的，所以龙虾的数量大大减少就意味着珊瑚又多了一分衰落的危险。
5 .Sea urchins are another example.
另一个例子是海胆。
6 .They eat algae and prevent it from overwhelming the coral.
海胆是吃藻类的，防止藻类覆盖珊瑚。
7 .Since the disappearance of sea urchins from the waters off the coast of south Florida, many coral reefs there have been smothered by the uncontrolled growth of algae.
自从海胆由南佛罗里达靠岸水域消失以来，藻类不受控制地大量增长，很多珊瑚礁因此窒息而死。