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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:->Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.
旁白：请听艺术史课上的部分内容。
第2段
1 .<-MALE PROFESSOR:->Last class I passed out your assignment for your first paper, and today I want to spend some time going over it.
教授：上一节课我把你们第一篇论文的作业都发下去了，今天我想花点时间再说一下。
2 .Mm...most people never take any art history until they get to college, so many of you have probably never written an art history paper before.
大部分人在进入大学之前从来没学过艺术史，所以你们中很多人可能以前从来没有写过一篇艺术史的论文。
第3段
1 .I gave you a list of appropriate works of art for you to write about.
我给你们列了一些适合你们写的艺术作品。
2 .So your next step in this process needs to be to go look at the work you've selected as your topic.
所以你们在这个过程中的下一步就是去看看你们选来作为主题的作品。
3 .And bring a pencil and a notepad with you, because I don't mean you should just drop by at the museum and glance at it so you can say you've seen it in real life.
并且要带着一支铅笔和一个笔记本去，因为我的意思不是你们应该只是顺路去一趟博物馆然后看一眼，这样就说你们已经亲眼看过它了。
4 .You need to go and sit in front of the work and really look at it carefully and slowly.
你们需要去坐在这个作品前，慢慢地仔细地看看它。
5 .And keep careful notes about what you see. you'll need them for the kind of art history paper you're going to be writing, it's what we call a formal analysis.
并且把你们看到的认真地用笔记下来，你们在写这种艺术史论文的时候会需要这些笔记的，我们把这叫做形式分析。
第4段
1 .A formal analysis of a work of art, any kind of art, is based on its formal qualities, which means qualities related to the form. things like color…texture…line…shapes…proportion...and composition.
对一个艺术作品，任何类型的艺术的形式分析都是以它的形式质量为基础的，也就是与形式相关的质量，像色彩、纹理、线条、形状、比例和构图这样的东西。
2 .Probably the closest thing to a formal analysis you might have written is for an English class.
可能你们写过的和形式分析最相近的东西就是在英语课上了。
3 .If you've say written an analysis of a poem, you've used the same skills. you've given an analysis of the poem by describing and analyzing its form and meter.
假设，如果你们写过诗歌分析的话，你们使用的是同样的技巧，通过描述和分析诗歌的形式和韵律来对它作出分析。
4 .A formal analysis paper in art history is very similar.
艺术史的形式分析论文和这非常相似。
第5段
1 .Now, before you begin writing your formal analysis, you'll want to start with a summary of the overall appearance of the work, a brief description of what you see.
现在，在你们开始写形式分析之前，你们要先总结一下作品的整体外观，简要地描述一下你们看到的。
2 .Are there figures---people?
是人物形象、人？
3 .What are they doing? Or is it a landscape... or an abstract representation of something?
他们在做什么？还是一个风景画...或者对某个事物的抽象描绘。
4 .Tell what the subject is, and what aspects are emphasized in the painting.
描述一下作品的主题是什么，以及画作中强调了哪方面的内容。
5 .This will give your reader an overview of what the work looks like before you analyze it.
这会在你开始分析之前，让你的读者对这个作品的样子有一个大致的了解。
第6段
1 .The next part of your paper—the actual formal analysis—will be the longest and most important section of your paper, where you describe and analyze individual design elements.
你们论文的下一个部分，也就是真正的形式分析，会是论文中最长也是最重要的章节，你们要在这个部分描述并分析单独的设计元素。
2 .For this portion of the paper, you're going to rely on the notes you took at the museum, because you should be able to describe in detail the design elements the artist uses, and how they are used.
在论文的这个部分，你们就要依靠你们在博物馆做的笔记了，因为你们应该能够具体描述这个画家使用的设计元素以及它们是如何应用的。
3 .For example, does the artist use harsh lines or soft lines? are the colors bright or muted?
举个例子来说，这个画家使用的是硬朗的线条还是柔和的线条？色彩是鲜亮的还是柔和的？
4 .Focus on the design elements that you feel are most strongly represented in that particular work of art.
集中说明你们在那幅艺术作品中感觉最强烈的那些设计元素。
5 .And if you don't know where to begin, take note of where your eye goes first.
如果你们不知道从哪下手的话，留意一下你们最先把目光投向的地方。
6 .Then describe things in the order in which your eye moves around the work.
然后按照你们的目光在这件作品上流转的顺序来进行描述。
7 .This will help you understand how one part relates to another, the interaction between the different parts of the work.
这会帮助你们理解一个部分是如何与另一个部分相联系的，以及这个作品的不同部分之间的相互作用。
8 .OK, this kind of analysis should occur throughout the main portion of the paper.
懂了吗？这种分析应该贯穿论文的主要部分。
第7段
1 .In the last section of your paper, and this goes beyond formal analysis, you comment on the significance of what you have seen. What details of the work convey meaning?
在论文的最后一部分就要超出形式分析了，你们要就你们看到的内容的重要性以及作品中哪些细节传达了意义发表自己的看法。
2 .Some significant details will not be apparent to you right away, but if you look long enough, you realize how important they are for your interpretation of the work.
一些重要的细节不会立马浮现在你们眼前，但是如果你们看的时间足够长，就会意识到这些细节对你们对这个作品的解读来说有多么重要。
3 .Many years ago, I was writing a formal analysis of a painting of a little boy.
很多年前，我在写一篇画着一个小男孩的画作的形式分析。
4 .In the painting, a little boy was standing in his nursery, and he was holding a toy bird in his hand, and there were more toys around him in the background of the painting.
在那幅画里，一个小男孩正站在他的儿童室里，手里拿着一个玩具鸟，在画的背景里，他身边还有更多的玩具。
5 .Because of the bird he was holding, I assumed at first that the painting was about the innocence of children.
由于他手里拿着的这只鸟，我起初以为这幅画是关于儿童的天真的。
6 .But as I looked at the painting longer, I realized that the boy's eyes looked sad even though there was no discernable expression on his face.
但是随着我看这幅画的时间越来越长，我意识到这个男孩的眼睛看起来很悲伤，虽然他的脸上没有可辨认的表情。
7 .And then it dawned on me that, even though he was surrounded by toys, he was all alone in his nursery.
然后我突然醒悟，即使他身边满是玩具，但他孤单一人在儿童室里。
8 .The boy's eyes were a significant detail in the painting, that I didn't notice at first.
这个男孩的眼睛是这幅画里的一个至关重要的细节，是我起先没有注意到的。