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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Mind, I'm Christie Nicholson. Got a minute?

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Young American students take a variety of standardized tests.

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But the ways that students are educated so that they'll do well on such tests presents a problem.

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The preparation increases what's called crystallized knowledge: that's factual information, such as "the capital of Texas is Austin."

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But the tests do not enhance what is referred to as fluid intelligence: the ability to think logically or theoretically.

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That's according to a study in the journal Psychological Science.

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Scientists analyzed test scores and IQs of almost 1,400 eighth-graders.

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And they found that schoolwork could significantly raise students' test scores,

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while having no effect on the ratings of their fluid intelligence scores…

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which are better indicators of memory capacity, thinking speed and the ability to solve abstract problems.

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It's been shown that high scores on standardized tests predict success on future exams like the SAT and Advanced Placement tests.

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But little is known about the effect of improving fluid intelligence.

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Still, the researchers note that crystallized intelligence is clearly important,

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since, mathematics and comprehension are critical for later academic and employment success.

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Systems studying increase fluid intelligence would therefore seem to be a good development logically and theoretically.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Mind. I'm Christie Nicholson.

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