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段落1

NARRATOR

Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.

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旁白:听一段天文学的课的演讲。

段落2

MALE PROFESSOR

OK, we've been discussing the planets in our solar system, and how some of the ones farthest from the Sun were discovered.

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教授:我们一直在讨论我们太阳系中的星球,以及一些离太阳最远的星球是如何被发现的。

Well, today I'd like to turn to what are called exoplanets, and how researchers detect them. Maria?

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那么,今天我想把话题转向系外行星,以及研究人员是如何探测到它们的。Maria?

段落3

FEMALE STUDENT

Exoplanets are planets that orbit around a star other than our Sun, right? They're not in our solar system...

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学生:系外行星就是那些环绕着一颗不同于我们的太阳的恒星运行的星球,对吧?它们不在我们的太阳系中...

段落4

MALE PROFESSOR

Right. They have different, what're called host stars.

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教授:没错,它们有不同的寄主星。

[excitedly] The study of exoplanets has been getting more and more exciting; hundreds of them have been discovered so far.

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对系外行星的研究正变得越来越令人兴奋,目前为止已经发现好几百个了。

This is quite remarkable in view of the fact that the discovery of the first exoplanets was confirmed only in the mid-1990s.

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鉴于二十世纪九十年代中期才确定发现了第一颗系外行星,这相当值得一提。

Now we're finding new ones every few weeks or so.

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现在我们大约每几个星期就能发现新的。

段落5

FEMALE STUDENT

[hesitantly] So, uh-exactly why are we interested in these exoplanets, anyway? Is it to see if there's life on them? '

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学生:那么我们究竟为何对这些系外行星这么感兴趣呢?是为了看看上面是否存在生命吗?

Because it seems to me like the only exoplanets we ever hear about are gas giants, like Jupiter and Saturn, that couldn't possibly support carbon-based life....

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因为在我看来,我们听说过的唯一的外行星是气态巨行星,比如木星和土星,它们不可能支持以碳为基础的生命。

段落6

MALE PROFESSOR

OK, well, let's talk about that.

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教授:好的,我们来讲一下。

First, as for discovering life... wellll, I think that sort of discovery is pretty far in the future, but it is an eventual goal.

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首先关于发现生命。我想那种发现还要在很久之后的未来进行,不过它是一个最终目标。

For now, the focus is on locating planets within a host star's so-called [slowly] habitable zone, a zone that's a certain distance from its star.

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就目前而言,焦点是在一个寄主星的所谓的适居带内定位星球,这个适居带离恒星有一段距离。

Because only planets within this zone could conceivably support carbon-based life.

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因为只有在这个适居带内的星球才有可能支持以碳为基础的生命。

[leading] So what would such a planet need?

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那么,那种星球需要什么呢?

段落7

FEMALE STUDENT

Water?

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学生:水?

段落8

Yes, it'd need to be the right temperature to <em class="nice-card js-hover-card">sustain liquid water</em>.

FEMALE STUDENT

Yes, it'd need to be the right temperature to sustain liquid water.

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学生:是的,它需要有合适的温度来维持液态的水。

段落9

MALE STUDENT

And it would need to be a rocky planet....I mean, as opposed to a gas giant....

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学生:而它需要是一个岩石行星,我的意思是,与一个由气体组成的巨行星相反。

段落10

MALE PROFESSOR

OK, good. An Earth-like planet.

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教授:是的,很好。也就是一个类地行星。

Now, as to that, there are some recently detected exoplanets that might actually be Earth-like.

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关于这一点,有一些最近探测到的系外行星也许真的是类地行星。

For example, there's a red dwarf star-that's what most stars are-uh, that's called Gliese 581.

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比如说,有一个红色的矮星,大部分恒星都是矮星,它被叫做Gliese 581。

段落11

Gliese 581 is... well, it's a lot more interesting than that name makes it seem.

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Gliese 581是......它比它的名字听起来可有趣多了。

This host star is considered a near neighbor of our solar system because it's only about twenty light-years away.

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这个寄主星被认为是我们太阳系的一个近邻,因为它离太阳系只有20光年的距离。

That's pretty close, by astronomical standards.

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按照天文学标准来看非常近了。

And being a red dwarf star, it's small and relatively cool, at least compared with the Sun.

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而且作为一个红色的矮星,它体积很小,相对较凉爽,至少和太阳相比是这样。

And researchers have discovered planets orbiting Gliese 581.

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而且研究人员发现了环绕Gliese 581运行的行星。

These exoplanets have been named-ready?-Gliese 581 b, c, d, e... in alphabetical order of their discovery.

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这些外星星球被命名为......准备好了吗?它们被按照发现顺序以字母顺序命名,分别是Gliese 581 B, C, D, E。

段落12

Gliese 581d and e are the planets I want to focus on now.

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Gliese 581 D和E是我现在想集中讲的行星。

See, in 2009 a group of researchers made an announcement: these two exoplanets, Gliese 581d and e, do have some Earth-like qualities.

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在2009年,一群研究人员发布通告称:这两个外星星球,Gliese 581 D和E确实有一些类地特质。

Gliese 581d had actually been discovered a couple of years earlier, and when its orbit was originally calculated, it was thought to be too far away from its host star to be warm enough to support a liquid ocean, let alone carbon-based life.

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Gliese 581 D实际上是早几年发现的,当最初计算它的轨道时,他们认为它离它的寄主星太远了,没有足够的温度支持一个液态的海洋,更不用说碳基生命了。

But then its orbit was recalculated, and now we see that Gliese 581d is within its host's habitable zone.

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但是稍后他们重新计算了它的轨道,而我们现在可以看到Gliese 581 D位于它的寄主星的适居带之内。

段落13

MALE STUDENT

So it might have an ocean?

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学生:所以它可能有海洋?

段落14

MALE PROFESSOR

Well, conceivably.

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教授:猜测是这样。

See, Gliese 581d weighs seven times what Earth weighs, and it's unlikely that it's made entirely of rocks... because it's so massive.

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你看,Gliese 581 D比地球重7倍,不太可能完全都是由岩石组成的,因为它体积太大了。

The researchers studying it said that it could have a rocky core; an ice layer; a large, deep ocean; and an atmosphere.

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研究它的研究人员说它可能有一个岩石的地心、一个冰层、一个很大很深的海洋以及大气层。

段落15

OK, and there was another announcement, along with the recalculated orbit of Gliese 581d.

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除了重新测算Gliese 581 D的轨道还有一个公告。

That was the discovery of another planet in the system, Gliese 581e.

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那就是在那个星系又发现了另一个行星,Gliese 581 E。

Compared with other exoplanets, its mass is quite small-only about twice that of Earth's.

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和其他的外星星球相比,它的质量很小,只是地球的两倍。

段落16

FEMALE STUDENT

So is Gliese 581e a more Earth-like planet?

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学生:那Gliese 581 E是个和地球更类似的行星吗?

段落17

MALE PROFESSOR

Well, we have to consider its orbit.

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教授:我们得考虑它的轨道。

Gliese 581e orbits its host star in a much shorter period of time than the other planets in the system, meaning it's very close to the star.

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Gliese 581 E 环绕它的寄主星运行的时期比该星系其他行星的要短,也就是说它离恒星非常近。
And therefore too hot for <em class="nice-card js-hover-card">water</em>, for <em class="nice-card js-hover-card">an</em> <em class="nice-card js-hover-card">ocean</em>.

And therefore too hot for water, for an ocean.

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因此太热而不会有水,不会有海洋。

段落18

However, the fact that it's relatively close to the size of Earth-small, in astronomical terms-that was pretty exciting.

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但是,它和地球的大小相对接近,按照天文学术语来讲,比较小,这个事实非常令人兴奋。

It's impressive that we have the technology to detect it. And it bodes well for future research.

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我们有探测它的技术非常令人钦佩,而且这对未来的研究是个好兆头。

Who knows what we'll find the more we search?

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谁知道我们再多搜寻一下会发现什么呢。
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