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段落1

NARRATOR

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

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段落2

MALE PROFESSOR

The theory that humpback whales use the stars to navigate the open seas is a fascinating one.

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But the evidence supporting the theory is not very convincing.

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段落3

First, there doesn't seem to be any real connection between intelligence and an animal's ability to use stars for navigation.

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You know, there are other animals that use stars to navigate.

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Some birds have this ability—like ducks, for example.

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Now, the general cognitive ability of ducks is only average—they are not highly intelligent.

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The fact that the ducks evolved the ability to use stars for navigation does not seem to have much of a connection to their overall intelligence.

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It's just an instinct they were born with, not a sign of intelligence.

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So, the fact that humpback whales happen to be intelligent does not make them particularly likely to use stars for navigation.

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The two things just don't seem to be connected.

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段落4

Second, there may be a different explanation for the humpback whales' ability to navigate in straight lines.

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Remember that for animals to be able to do this, they have to sense some external object or force.

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Well, the external force the whales could be sensing is Earth's magnetic field.

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Humpback whales have a substance in their brains called biomagnetite.

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段落5

Generally, the presence of biomagnetite in an animal's body makes that animal sensitive to Earth's magnetic field.

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The fact that there's biomagnetite in the brains of humpback whales suggests that they orient themselves by the magnetic field rather than the stars when they migrate.

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段落6

Third, spy-hopping probably has nothing to do with looking at stars.

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Spy-hopping is rare, but there are other animals that exhibit it.

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Some sharks do it for example.

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But sharks don't migrate or look at stars.

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Sharks spy-hop to look for animals they want to hunt.

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And another thing: humpback whales often spy-hop during the day when no stars can be seen.

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So to suggest that the function of spy-hopping is to look at stars is pure speculation.

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