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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Parts of the planet warm and cool during El Nino and La Nina.

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And infectious diseases also wax and wane in step with the climate cycle.

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Take malaria, shown to spike in northern Venezuela during cool, La Nina conditions.

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Or flu pandemics, which often follow months after La Nina sets in.

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Now researchers have linked another public health risk to El Nino climate cycling: poisonous viper bites.

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Their study area was Costa Rica, where health centers keep rigorous records on snakebites.

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They compared nine years of those snakebite records, including some 6,500 bites to climate data over the same period.

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And they found that snakebites were two to three times as prevalent in the hottest and coldest years of the El Ni?o climate cycle.

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Sounds counterintuitive, you might expect the climate extremes to have opposite effects.

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But the researchers say in hot, dry years, plant productivity peaks, driving an increase in the number of rodents, aka snake food, and potentially increasing the number of snakes.

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And snakes tend to move around more in hot, dry weather, increasing chances they'll encounter and attack an unlucky farmer.

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In cold, wet years, on the other hand, prey numbers plummet forcing snakes to travel beyond their usual slithering grounds to eat, again increasing chances of an unlucky meeting.

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The study is in the journal Science Advances.

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The researchers also found two more variables that correlate strongly with Costa Ricans' odds of being bit: poverty and destitute housing.

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A reminder that, when it comes to dangers from environmental disruption, it's often the least fortunate who are at the greatest risk.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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