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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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In 1982 the ground beneath the Italian port town of Pozzuoli, near Naples, began to swell.

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In the next two years, the town rose more than six feet.

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Rocks underground cracked under the strain, sparking tiny earthquakes.

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And some 40,000 residents were forced to evacuate.

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Tiziana Vanorio was one of them.

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"We were scared, not because of the earthquakes but because of the fear that an eruption was about to come."

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But that eruption never came.

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And Vanorio, who's now a geophysicist at Stanford University, wanted to find out how the rock endured the strain.

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So she and a postdoctoral student obtained rock cores from the Campi Flegrei Caldera, the volcanic area underlying Pozzuoli, taken just before the swelling in 1982.

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They discovered a layer of what's called caprock, almost like a lid, that sealed off the caldera below.

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And the caprock's microstructure was an intricate network of mineral fibers, the key, she says, to its strength, and ability to flex under pressure.

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The findings are in the journal Science.

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And that fibrous rock structure?

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Vanorio says it looked familiar, very similar to the famous ancient Roman concrete, used to build aqueducts and the Colosseum.

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And, similarly to concrete production, the caprock probably formed when lime-rich geothermal fluids percolated upward, mixing with the volcanic ash.

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It's probably no accident the Romans ended up with that same chemical recipe.

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"They were keen observers, they knew very well that the volcanic ash from that region was very special.

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And they also shipped the volcanic ash throughout the Mediterranean."

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And now that we're discovering these secrets, she says, we might do as the Romans, and emulate nature once again, to pave the way toward more durable, self-healing concrete.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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