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This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.

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Living deep underground ain't easy.

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In addition to hellish temperatures and pressures, there's not a lot to eat.

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Which is why oil reservoirs are the microbes' cornucopia in this hidden realm.

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Microbes feast on many oil reservoirs, but it has been unclear how the micro-organisms got to those locales.

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One proposal has been that the microbes colonize a pool of dead algae corpses and then go along for the ride as the pool gets buried deeper and deeper and the algae slowly become oil.

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That's the so-called "burial and isolation" hypothesis.

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But under that set of rules each pool of oil should have its own unique microbes, and that's not the case, according to a recent study in the Journal of the International Society for Microbial Ecology.

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Researchers surveyed the genetics of oil-eating microbes from around the world.

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They found that populations from Nevada to the North Sea matched up almost exactly.

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They also determined that microbes in the North Sea appear to have swapped genes with Japanese microbes despite the locations being more than 8,000 kilometers apart on the Earth's surface.

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These findings suggest that the deep biosphere is actually filled with connections,

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and that microbes move from one oil reservoir to another, colonizing them almost as soon as they form in some cases.

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Or it could also be that marine microbes migrate down and then evolutionary selection pressure causes a convergence in the genetics that make it possible to survive under these extreme conditions.

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One thing is certain, humanity is now definitely helping this mixing of subsurface microbes, as our thirst for oil leads us to poke holes all over the planet.

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Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello.

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